MediterraneanWorld

//__**Judaism**__//:
 * Monotheism
 * belief in one God


 * Torah
 * most sacred text of the Hebrews, first five books of the Hebrew and Christian Bible


 * Abraham
 * considered the father of the Israelite people


 * Covenant
 * promise or agreement between God and Abraham (devotion in trade for protection)


 * Moses
 * Led the Israelites out of Egypt


 * Ten Commandments
 * the first four stress religious duties, the other six address conduct toward others


 * Diaspora
 * the spreading out of Jews

a spiritual leader who interprets God's will
 * Prophet


 * Babylonian Captivity
 * captivity under the Babylonians, began the Diaspora


 * Destruction of the Temple
 * temple destroyed by the Babylonians

//__**Christianity:**__//
 * Messiah
 * savior sent by God


 * Jesus
 * the son of god, emphasized Jewish beliefs and new beliefs of forgiveness and love
 * also the messiah in Christianity


 * Peter
 * Jesus' apostle, established Christianity in the city of Rome


 * Paul
 * a Jewish man from Asia Minor, an important role in the spread of Christianity.


 * Pope
 * head of the Roman Catholic church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops


 * Clergy
 * the body of people who conduct Christian services


 * Bishop
 * high-ranking church official with authority over a local area, or diocese


 * New Testament
 * the basis of the religion, the later additions to the Christian bible, attributed the writing to the followers of Jesus, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.


 * Martyr
 * a person who suffers or dies for his/her beliefs


 * Heresy
 * belief said to be contrary to official Church teachings, causing division


 * Apostles
 * leader or teacher of a new faith or movement


 * Constantine
 * emperor in 313 AD, issuing the Edict of Milan, granting freedom of worship to citizens


 * Augustine
 * bishop of Hippo in North Africa, combined Christian documents with Greco-Roman learning, especially the philosophies of Plato

//__**Islam:**__//
 * Muhammad
 * born in Mecca, called the messenger of God


 * Mecca
 * holy city of Islam, Mohammad's birthplace


 * Medina
 * city of the prophet, where Mohammad fled to


 * Hijra
 * the flight to Medina


 * Kaaba
 * held pagan gods and goddesses statues, later became the most holy place for Islam.


 * Quran
 * Muslim holy text


 * Mosque
 * Muslim place of worship


 * 5 Pillars-duties of Muslims
 * Make a declaration of faith
 * Pray 5 times a day (after washing, Muslims face Mecca to pray. this could be anywhere, but often in mosques lead by muezzin who calls prayer)
 * Give charity to the poor
 * Fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan, the month in which Muhammad received his first revelations form God
 * Make a hajj, a pilgrimage to Mecca


 * Hajj
 * pilgrimage to Mecca


 * Ramadan
 * holy month when Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset


 * Sharia
 * Islamic system of law that includes an interpretation of the Quran